UNIT- I Object-Oriented Programming Concepts: Introduction, comparison between procedural programming paradigm
and object-oriented programming paradigm, basic concepts of object-oriented programming — concepts of an object
and a class, interface and implementation of a class, operations on objects, relationship among objects, abstraction,
encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance, overloading, polymorphism, messaging.
UNIT-II Standard Input/Output: Concept of streams, hierarchy of console stream classes, input/output using overloaded
operators >> and << and member functions of i/o stream classes, formatting output, formatting using ios class
functions and flags, formatting using manipulators. Classes and Objects: Specifying a class, creating class objects,
accessing class members, access specifiers, static members, use of constkeyword, friends of a class, empty classes,
nested classes, local classes, abstract classes, container classes, bit fields and classes.
UNIT- III Pointers and Dynamic Memory Management: Declaring and initializing pointers, accessing data through pointers,
pointer arithmetic, memory allocation (static and dynamic), dynamic memory management using new and delete
operators, pointer to an object, this pointer, pointer related problems - dangling/wild pointers, null pointer assignment,
memory leak and allocation failures. Constructors and Destructors: Need for constructors and destructors, copy
constructor, dynamic constructors, explicit constructors, destructors, constructors and destructors with static members,
initializer lists.
UNIT-IV Operator Overloading and Type Conversion: Overloading operators, rules for overloading operators, overloading
of various operators, type conversion - basic type to class type, class type to basic type, class type to another class
type. Inheritance: Introduction, defining derived classes, forms of inheritance, ambiguity in multiple and multipath
inheritance, virtual base class, object slicing, overriding member functions, object composition and delegation, order
of execution of constructors and destructors.
UNIT-V Virtual functions & Polymorphism: Concept of binding - early binding and late binding, virtual functions, pure
virtual functions, abstract clasess, virtual destructors. Exception Handling: Review of traditional error handling,
basics of exception handling, exception handling mechanism, throwing mechanism, catching mechanism, rethrowing
an exception, specifying exceptions. Templates and Generic Programming: Template concepts, Function templates,
class templates, illustrative examples. Files: File streams, hierarchy of file stream classes, error handling during file
operations, reading/writing of files, accessing records randomly, updating files.
